English Wine: A Quick Guide

Martin Fowke is Three Choirs Vineyard’s winemaker. Now aged 62, he has been with us for over 40 years, having joined in 1984. He studied agriculture and horticulture at the Royal Agricultural College (now Royal Agricultural University) in Cirencester and went to Three Choirs for some work experience. Martin said he ‘fell into’ the industry. He met a girl, who he has now been happily married to for many years. Her father ran an apple and blackcurrant farm and planted a vineyard in 1973. Three Choirs Vineyard was born… He joined when the company was in its infancy and worked his way up quickly. Martin joked: “I was the only one who knew how to use a computer!” He left Three Choirs briefly in the 1980s to go travelling. On his travels, he went to the wine making regions of Australia, New Zealand and California and picked up some tips along the way. On his return to Gloucestershire in 1989, Martin took over the winemaking side of the business. Martin said: “I wasn’t officially trained, there wasn’t the training that is available to young people these days. I worked with my father in law and learned on the job. I had some very good teachers.” Our winemaker loves his job and says he has never looked back since those early days. English winemaking can be more challenging than in other parts of the world, but Martin’s experience means he’s seen it all before and can adapt and change as needed. He said: “Compared to the rest of the world, the English climate is traditionally less reliable. We have different challenges every year, which gives us the opportunity to do different things every year, and the grapes allow us to make lots of different wines. “Now England is considered a bona fide wine producing country. Climate change means we get more consistency with the weather and therefore the grapes and the wine. “Compared to the rest of the England, Three Choirs Vineyard has mild weather, with protection from the Welsh mountains, Cotswold hills and Malvern hills. We get good sunlight and relatively low rainfall. It’s ideal for vines!” Being a relatively small vineyard, Martin enjoys the opportunity to experiment, alongside producing the high quality wines our customers love. “We have a responsibility to produce consistent wines, but the beauty of what we do here is I also have the latitude to be able to experiment. We’re always trying new things and different things. “Our latest success is an orange wine. This is produced in different parts of the world, but not in England. “We’re always looking to change and develop. People’s tastes don’t stay still, and the market doesn’t stay still, so we’re always evolving.” Of all the wines we produce, does Martin have a favourite? “They’re like children – it’s impossible to choose just one! I’m proud of most of them. The newer wines that come on are always interesting. But the ones I hang my hat on are Bacchus and Siegerrebe.” After more than 40 years of winemaking in the Gloucestershire countryside, is Martin ready to move on? “I’ve got a very good team here, who make my life easier. We’ve got a good succession in place, but I don’t plan on retiring any time soon!”

Harvesting our grapes here at Three Choirs Vineyard takes place in autumn. But thinking about the harvest starts around the middle of summer

Here at Three Choirs Vineyard, we are committed to being as sustainable as possible. However, the vineyard isn’t organic. We do believe it’s not possible to be fully organic in this country, but we do limit our use of pesticides to the absolute minimum. We probably use about a quarter of what we are legally allowed to use. One way we reduce our use of pesticides is by using foliar feeds made from seaweed extracts. Foliar feeds feed the vine directly through the leaf, allowing the vines to absorb essential elements quickly. The theory behind using these feeds is that, if we keep the vines healthy and strong, they will be better able to defend themselves from disease. In the UK, the biggest risk to vines isn’t from insects, it is from mildew. Mildew can slow down the growth of the vines and reduce both the quantity and quality of the grapes. It can also weaken the plants and make them more vulnerable to disease or insects. Grapes like cold weather in winter and warm, dry weather in the summer. But in this country, we have a lot damp, warm weather, which causes mildew to thrive. If we have a year like we had in 2024, there can be a lot of disease, which impacts our harvest. We don’t have any irrigation in the vineyard, so our water consumption is probably lower than you would expect for a business like ours. In fact, we don’t have a huge amount of water available, so we do have to be careful not to use too much. We use water sprays and pressure to clean out our tanks, which clean effectively using a lot less water than other cleaning methods. Glass production and transport uses a lot of energy. This can have a really negative impact on the wine industry’s sustainability, so it is important to us to use the lightest weight glass we can for our bottles. Thomas Shaw, managing director, said: “The problem is there’s a consumer reaction to the weight of a bottle. People pick up a light wine bottle and think it’s cheap, whereas we pick up a light bottle and say, ‘Isn’t that amazing?’” Although the bottles for sparkling wine are always thicker and heavier – they have to be to take the pressure of the secondary fermentation which takes place in the bottle and causes the bubbles.

There is nothing better than relaxing at our vineyard with a leisurely walk among the vines, a delicious lunch at our brasserie and a fun wine tasting session. But that’s not all there is to do here! Three Choirs Vineyard makes a great base to explore the Three Counties of Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and Herefordshire. We’re located between Newent and Dymock in the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, close to the borders of both Herefordshire and Worcestershire. If you enjoy walks in the countryside, you’ve come to the right place! The Malvern Hills are a half hour drive away and provide lots of walks of varying lengths with some fantastic views on a clear day. Or if you prefer your walks to be a bit flatter, there are plenty of options in the Forest of Dean. The circular 4.5-mile Sculpture Trail walk is perfect for working up an appetite. Or try the Cannop Ponds walk – just two miles and no stiles, talking in the ponds, a Forest Freemine and an unusual monument. Mallards Pike is one of the most scenic spots in the Forest of Dean and offers a variety of walking routes, as well as Go Ape for the most adventurous. You can also hire bikes at Pedalabikeaway Cycle Centre in Cannop Valley – the only mountain bike hire location in the Forest of Dean with direct access to all the mountain bike trails in the forest. Or for a more relaxing alternative, Dean Forest Railway runs steam trains on Wednesdays, Saturdays and Sunday on a nine mile, 90-minute round trip with five stations along the way. We’re just 11 miles from Gloucester, with its historic cathedral and docks, as well as outlet shopping at Gloucester Quays and the new Gloucester Food Dock, with an array of independent local food and drink businesses offering something for everyone. And if you’re a rugby fan – why not catch a game at the legendary Kingsholm? Or stay on the A40 just a bit longer and head for Regency Cheltenham for shopping or its famous festivals – Jazz in May, Science in June, Music in July and Literature in October. And don’t forget racing at Cheltenham Racecourse if you enjoy a bit of a flutter! Closer to the vineyard, but only happening once a year is the Kempley Daffodil Weekend. Taking place in the middle of March, the weekend offers visitors daffodil teas, bacon butties, guided walks, the daff-and-ride bus and the main event of a glorious carpet of wild daffodils. And Dymock’s annual Daffodil Weekend and Spring Fayre takes place at a similar time (but not the same weekend) at Dymock parish hall. There is also the circular ‘Daffodil Way’ footpath covering around eight miles. The daffodils can be seen from the roads between Newent and Dymock in the spring and local maps showing the daffodil fields can be picked up from Kempley village hall. If you don’t mind a slightly longer drive, Hay-on-Wye is world renowned for books and bookshops, occupies a unique position on the border between England and Wales, and is a beautiful place to explore. The world famous, annual Hay Festival takes place at the end of May every year.

If you’re looking for a perfect day where you can relax, unwind and get away from it all, there is no better place than our vineyard.